CBN (Cannabinol) is a naturally occurring cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. It is classified as a minor cannabinoid due to its lower concentration compared to more prominent cannabinoids like THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol). Unlike these cannabinoids, CBN is not produced directly by the plant but forms over time as THC degrades when exposed to oxygen, heat, or light.

Key Characteristics of CBN

Non-Psychoactive: CBN does not produce the intoxicating effects, or “high,” typically associated with THC. This makes it an appealing option for those seeking cannabinoid benefits without cognitive impairment.
Formation: CBN is derived from the oxidation and breakdown of THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid), the precursor to THC. As cannabis ages, THC gradually converts into CBN.

Molecular Structure of CBN

CBN has the molecular formula C₂₁H₂₆O₂, with a structure that is similar to THC, though it lacks the double bond responsible for THC’s psychoactive effect. This distinction is critical in understanding the differences in effects between these cannabinoids.

CBN’s Role in Cannabis

CBN is most commonly found in aged stored cannabis, as it forms naturally through the breakdown of THC over time when exposed to oxygen and light. This unique characteristic has made CBN a sought-after ingredient in wellness products, particularly those designed to promote relaxation and related applications.

CBN Biosynthesis

Pathway: CBN is formed when tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) degrades over time due to exposure to heat or oxygen, leading to the oxidation of THC into CBN. This process can occur naturally or be induced to create CBN-rich extracts.
Natural Presence: Cannabis stored for long periods tends to contain higher concentrations of CBN as THC continues to degrade.

Interaction with the Endocannabinoid System

CBN interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), specifically the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Its affinity for these receptors is relatively weak compared to THC, which may explain why CBN does not produce a strong psychoactive effect.

Properties of CBN

Non-Psychoactive: CBN does not induce intoxicating effects.
Interaction with the ECS: CBN interacts with CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), albeit with relatively low affinity. Its interaction with CB2 receptors suggests a potential role in immune response regulation.

Common Uses of CBN

Wellness Products: Tinctures, Gummies, Hemp Salve topicals, lotions and oils tailored for relaxation and well-being.
Topicals: Formulations aimed at supporting comfort, relief and skin wellness.
Capsules: Easy-to-use products that integrate into daily wellness routines.

Important Notes

Research Stage: Most studies on CBN are preclinical, and more human trials are needed to fully understand its properties and potential uses.
Combination with Other Cannabinoids: CBN is often combined with other cannabinoids like CBD or CBG to create balanced formulations.

References

• Morales, P., et al. (2017). “Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture.” Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_4
• Turner, S. E., et al. (2017). “Molecular Pharmacology of Phytocannabinoids.” Phytocannabinoids: Unraveling the Complex Chemistry and Pharmacology of Cannabis sativa. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_3